Parkroad Corporation (“Parkroad”), the Korean sub-time charterer of the Cyprus flag bulk carrier Nordems , placed an order in Korea with the plaintiff, an American bunker supplier, for the purchase of bunkers which were taken onboard the vessel in South Africa. The contract between the plaintiff and Parkroad was governed by United States law. Both the head charter and the sub-time charter prohibited the creation of liens and expressly prohibited the charterers from taking bunkers on the credit of the shipowners.